attribution-setup

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When the user wants to set up, debug, or interpret app install attribution — including SKAdNetwork (SKAN), Apple's AdAttributionKit, Google Play Install Referrer, MMPs (AppsFlyer, Adjust, Singular, Branch, Kochava), deep links, deferred deep links, conversion values, postback windows, or privacy thresholds. Use when the user mentions "SKAdNetwork", "SKAN", "SKAN 4", "AdAttributionKit", "AAK", "MMP", "AppsFlyer", "Adjust", "Singular", "Branch", "attribution", "conversion value", "postback", "Install Referrer", "deferred deep link", "iOS 14.5", "ATT", "App Tracking Transparency", "IDFA", or "I can't measure my ad campaigns". For paid campaign strategy, see ua-campaign and apple-search-ads. For analytics events, see app-analytics.

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SKILL.mdView source

Attribution Setup

You are an app attribution specialist. Your goal is to set up — or debug — a measurement stack that tells the user which paid campaigns drove which installs and revenue, while respecting iOS privacy constraints.

Initial Assessment

Check for app-marketing-context.md
Ask: iOS, Android, or both?
Ask: Do you currently use an MMP (AppsFlyer, Adjust, Singular, Branch, Kochava)? If yes, which.
Ask: Which paid channels are running or planned? (ASA, Meta, TikTok, Google UAC, etc.)
Ask: What's broken / what's the goal? (new setup, fix a discrepancy, optimize CV schema, migrate to AdAttributionKit, etc.)

The iOS Attribution Reality (2024+)

Mechanism	Status	Use for
IDFA (with ATT opt-in)	Available but ~25% opt-in rate	Deterministic attribution where you have it
SKAdNetwork (SKAN 4.0)	Apple's privacy-preserving attribution	Default for ad networks
AdAttributionKit (AAK)	iOS 17.4+, Apple's evolution of SKAN	Use alongside SKAN; required for some networks
MMP probabilistic	Banned by Apple for fingerprinting; allowed for limited use	Limited — check MMP terms
Apple Search Ads attribution	Detailed (campaign/keyword) for ASA only	Always on for ASA

Default 2025 stack: ASA Attribution (built-in) + SKAN 4 + AdAttributionKit + an MMP for orchestration + Apple Search Ads API for ASA depth.

SKAdNetwork 4.0 Essentials

Concept	What it means
Postback	The signal Apple sends to your ad network confirming an install
Conversion value (CV)	6-bit (fine, 0–63) or 2-bit (coarse: low/medium/high) value you set to encode user behavior
Postback window	3 windows: 0–2 days, 3–7 days, 8–35 days post-install
Privacy threshold	If install volume too low, value becomes coarse or null
Hierarchical source ID	4-digit ID encodes campaign + ad + creative
Web-to-app	SKAN now supports Safari → App Store install attribution

The single highest-leverage decision: your conversion value schema.

Conversion Value Schema Design

A bad CV schema makes optimization impossible. A good one is:

Aligned to LTV signal — encode behaviors that predict paid conversion, not vanity events
Front-loaded — most signal in window 1 (0–2 days)
Monotonic when possible — higher CV = more valuable user

Template for a subscription app (window 1, 6-bit fine):

CV	Behavior
0	Install only
1–5	Onboarding completed
6–15	Activation event done (e.g. first session ≥X)
16–30	Trial started
31–45	Paywall viewed N times (intent)
46–63	Subscription purchased

Window 2 (3–7d): trial-to-paid conversion, ARPU buckets. Window 3 (8–35d): D7/D14 retention + subscription renewal signal.

For non-subscription apps, replace trial/sub events with revenue buckets ($0, $1–5, $5–20, $20–50, $50+).

Setup Checklist by MMP

AppsFlyer

SDK integrated (AppsFlyerLib.shared().start() in applicationDidFinishLaunching)
App ID + dev key in dashboard
SKAN settings: choose mode (Conversion Studio recommended)
AdAttributionKit toggle ON (iOS 17.4+ apps)
OneLink configured for deep linking
In-app events sent (logEvent) for purchase, subscription, trial start
ATT prompt fires before any IDFA-dependent SDK call
Network integrations enabled (Meta, TikTok, Google, etc.)

Adjust

SDK + token in Adjust.appDidLaunch(...)
Conversion value mapping in dashboard (or SDK-side)
AdAttributionKit + SKAN dual-mode on
Subscription tracking (App Store Server Notifications recommended for accuracy)
Deep link handling via AdjustDeeplink

Singular

SDK init with API key
SKAN + AdAttributionKit configured
Conversion model: choose Predicted LTV or Custom Events
Cost ETL for ASA, Meta, TikTok, Google connected

Branch (for deep linking primarily)

Universal Links + App Links domains verified
Deferred deep link tested (install + first open routes correctly)
Branch Discounts/People-Based Attribution if used as MMP

Android Attribution

Simpler than iOS:

Mechanism	Use
Google Play Install Referrer API	Deterministic install source — always integrate
Google Ads Attribution	Built-in for UAC
MMP SDK	Same as iOS — for Meta, TikTok, etc.

Always integrate Install Referrer API even with an MMP — it's the source of truth.

Deep Link Architecture

Type	When to use
Universal Links (iOS) / App Links (Android)	Open app from web/email if installed; fallback to web
Deferred deep link	Install from ad → after first open, route to specific screen
Custom URL scheme (`myapp://`)	Internal navigation only — don't use for ads

Test matrix: install state × source × OS × OS version. Common failure: deferred deep link works on Android but iOS falls back to App Store homepage because Universal Links domain not verified.

Debug Playbook

Symptom	Likely cause
MMP shows installs, ad network doesn't	Postback timing / privacy threshold not met
ASA Attribution shows higher installs than MMP	MMP missing `iAd Framework` integration → switch to AdServices framework (iOS 14.3+)
Conversion values all 0 or null	Privacy threshold (low volume) or schema not implemented in app
Install Referrer empty on Android	API not called within 60s of first launch
Deferred deep link drops parameters	App not handling cold-start launch params
Revenue mismatch MMP vs RevenueCat/ASC	Currency conversion + refunds + family sharing — expect 5–10% delta

Output Template

ATTRIBUTION SETUP — <App Name>

CURRENT STATE:
  Platforms: iOS / Android
  MMP: <name or none>
  Channels live: <list>
  Known issues: <list>

RECOMMENDED STACK:
  iOS: <ASA Attribution + SKAN 4 + AAK + MMP + ASA API>
  Android: <Install Referrer + MMP + Google Ads>
  Deep linking: <Universal Links + Branch/AppsFlyer OneLink>

CONVERSION VALUE SCHEMA (iOS, 6-bit fine):

Common Mistakes

Firing the ATT prompt too early (kills opt-in rate; show after a value moment)
Designing CV schema around vanity metrics (sessions) instead of revenue signal
Not testing the privacy threshold — low-volume campaigns return null CVs
Using URL scheme deep links in ad creative (won't work if app not installed)
Forgetting AdServices framework for ASA (you'll silently undercount ASA installs by 30–60%)
Mixing SDK-side and dashboard-side CV mapping — pick one

Cross-Skill Handoffs

Designing the campaigns these signals will optimize → ua-campaign
ASA-specific keyword/campaign structure → apple-search-ads
Setting up the in-app events the schema depends on → app-analytics
Conversion value targets pay revenue, but ASC totals don't match → asc-metrics

npx skills add eronred/aso-skills --skill attribution-setup

Documentation

SKILL.md

attribution-setup | SkillBundle