npx skills add ...
npx skills add hashicorp/agent-skills --skill provider-test-patterns
npx skills add hashicorp/agent-skills --skill provider-test-patterns
Terraform provider acceptance test patterns using terraform-plugin-testing with the Plugin Framework. Covers test structure, TestCase/TestStep fields, ConfigStateChecks with custom statecheck.StateCheck implementations, plan checks, CompareValue for cross-step assertions, config helpers, import testing with ImportStateKind, sweepers, and scenario patterns (basic, update, disappears, validation, regression), and ephemeral resource testing with the echoprovider package. Use when writing, reviewing, or debugging provider acceptance tests, including questions about statecheck, plancheck, TestCheckFunc, CheckDestroy, ExpectError, import state verification, ephemeral resources, or how to structure test files.
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Patterns for writing acceptance tests using terraform-plugin-testing with the Plugin Framework.
Source: HashiCorp Testing Patterns
References (load when needed):
references/checks.md — statecheck, plancheck, knownvalue types, tfjsonpath, comparersreferences/sweepers.md — sweeper setup, TestMain, dependenciesreferences/ephemeral.md — ephemeral resource testing, echoprovider, multi-step patternsThe framework runs each TestStep through: plan → apply → refresh → final
plan. If the final plan shows a diff, the test fails (unless
ExpectNonEmptyPlan is set). After all steps, destroy runs followed by
CheckDestroy. This means every test automatically verifies that
configurations apply cleanly and produce no drift — no assertions needed for
that.
Use resource.ParallelTest by default. Use resource.Test only when tests
share state or cannot run concurrently.
| Field | Purpose |
|---|---|
PreCheck | func() — verify prerequisites (env vars, API access) |
ProtoV6ProviderFactories | Plugin Framework provider factories |
CheckDestroy | TestCheckFunc — verify resources destroyed after all steps |
Steps | []TestStep — sequential test operations |
TerraformVersionChecks | []tfversion.TerraformVersionCheck — gate by CLI version |
| Field | Purpose |
|---|---|
Config | Inline HCL string to apply |
ConfigStateChecks | []statecheck.StateCheck — modern assertions (preferred) |
ConfigPlanChecks | resource.ConfigPlanChecks{PreApply: []plancheck.PlanCheck{...}} |
ExpectError | *regexp.Regexp — expect failure matching pattern |
ExpectNonEmptyPlan | bool — expect non-empty plan after apply |
PlanOnly | bool — plan without applying |
Destroy | bool — run destroy step |
PreConfig | func() — setup before step |
| Field | Purpose |
|---|---|
ImportState | true to enable import mode |
ImportStateVerify | Verify imported state matches prior state |
ImportStateVerifyIgnore | []string — attributes to skip during verify |
ImportStateKind | resource.ImportBlockWithID — import block generation |
ResourceName | Resource address to import |
ImportStateId | Override the ID used for import |
Type-safe with aggregated error reporting. Compose built-in checks with custom
statecheck.StateCheck implementations. See references/checks.md for full
knownvalue types, tfjsonpath navigation, and comparers.
Do not mix Check (legacy) and ConfigStateChecks in the same step.
CheckDestroy on TestCase requires TestCheckFunc. The Check field on
TestStep also accepts TestCheckFunc but prefer ConfigStateChecks for new
tests.
ComposeAggregateTestCheckFunc reports all errors; ComposeTestCheckFunc
fails fast on the first.
Use numbered format verbs — %[1]q for quoted strings, %[1]s for raw:
After a config step, verify import produces identical state. Use
ImportStateKind for import block generation:
A proper bug fix uses at least two commits: first commit the regression test (which fails, confirming the bug), then commit the fix (test passes). This lets reviewers independently verify the test reproduces the issue by checking out the first commit, then advancing to the fix.
Name and document regression tests to identify the issue they fix. Include a link to the original bug report when possible.
Implement statecheck.StateCheck for API existence verification. Separate the
exists check into its own function for reuse across steps — the source
recommends this as a design principle:
Delete a resource via API to simulate external deletion:
// provider_test.go — Plugin Framework with Protocol 6 (use Protocol5 variant if needed)
var testAccProtoV6ProviderFactories = map[string]func() (tfprotov6.ProviderServer, error){
"example": providerserver.NewProtocol6WithError(New("test")()),
}ConfigStateChecks: []statecheck.StateCheck{
stateCheckExampleExists(resourceName, &widget),
statecheck.ExpectKnownValue(resourceName,
tfjsonpath.New("name"), knownvalue.StringExact("my-widget")),
statecheck.ExpectKnownValue(resourceName,
tfjsonpath.New("enabled"), knownvalue.Bool(true)),
statecheck.ExpectKnownValue(resourceName,
tfjsonpath.New("id"), knownvalue.NotNull()),
statecheck.ExpectSensitiveValue(resourceName,
tfjsonpath.New("api_key")),
},Check: resource.ComposeAggregateTestCheckFunc(
resource.TestCheckResourceAttr(name, "key", "expected"),
resource.TestCheckResourceAttrSet(name, "id"),
resource.TestCheckNoResourceAttr(name, "removed"),
resource.TestMatchResourceAttr(name, "url", regexp.MustCompile(`^https://`)),
resource.TestCheckResourceAttrPair(res1, "ref_id", res2, "id"),
),func testAccExampleConfig_basic(rName string) string {
return fmt.Sprintf(`
resource "example_widget" "test" {
name = %[1]q
}
`, rName)
}
func testAccExampleConfig_full(rName, description string) string {
return fmt.Sprintf(`
resource "example_widget" "test" {
name = %[1]q
description = %[2]q
enabled = true
}
`, rName, description)
}Steps: []resource.TestStep{
{
Config: testAccExampleConfig_basic(rName),
ConfigStateChecks: []statecheck.StateCheck{
stateCheckExampleExists(resourceName, &widget),
statecheck.ExpectKnownValue(resourceName,
tfjsonpath.New("name"), knownvalue.StringExact(rName)),
},
},
{
Config: testAccExampleConfig_full(rName, "updated"),
ConfigStateChecks: []statecheck.StateCheck{
stateCheckExampleExists(resourceName, &widget),
statecheck.ExpectKnownValue(resourceName,
tfjsonpath.New("description"), knownvalue.StringExact("updated")),
},
},
},{
ResourceName: resourceName,
ImportState: true,
ImportStateVerify: true,
ImportStateKind: resource.ImportBlockWithID,
},{
Config: testAccExampleConfig_basic(rName),
ConfigStateChecks: []statecheck.StateCheck{
stateCheckExampleExists(resourceName, &widget),
stateCheckExampleDisappears(resourceName),
},
ExpectNonEmptyPlan: true,
},{
Config: testAccExampleConfig_invalidName(""),
ExpectError: regexp.MustCompile(`name must not be empty`),
},// TestAccExample_regressionGH1234 verifies fix for https://github.com/org/repo/issues/1234
func TestAccExample_regressionGH1234(t *testing.T) {
rName := acctest.RandStringFromCharSet(10, acctest.CharSetAlphaNum)
resourceName := "example_widget.test"
resource.ParallelTest(t, resource.TestCase{
PreCheck: func() { testAccPreCheck(t) },
ProtoV6ProviderFactories: testAccProtoV6ProviderFactories,
CheckDestroy: testAccCheckExampleDestroy,
Steps: []resource.TestStep{
{
// Reproduce the issue: this config triggered the bug
Config: testAccExampleConfig_regressionGH1234(rName),
ConfigStateChecks: []statecheck.StateCheck{
stateCheckExampleExists(resourceName, nil),
statecheck.ExpectKnownValue(resourceName,
tfjsonpath.New("computed_field"), knownvalue.NotNull()),
},
},
},
})
}type exampleExistsCheck struct {
resourceAddress string
widget *example.Widget
}
func (e exampleExistsCheck) CheckState(ctx context.Context, req statecheck.CheckStateRequest, resp *statecheck.CheckStateResponse) {
r, err := stateResourceAtAddress(req.State, e.resourceAddress)
if err != nil {
resp.Error = err
return
}
id, ok := r.AttributeValues["id"].(string)
if !ok {
resp.Error = fmt.Errorf("no id found for %s", e.resourceAddress)
return
}
conn := testAccAPIClient()
widget, err := conn.GetWidget(id)
if err != nil {
resp.Error = fmt.Errorf("%s not found via API: %w", e.resourceAddress, err)
return
}
if e.widget != nil {
*e.widget = *widget
}
}
func stateCheckExampleExists(name string, widget *example.Widget) statecheck.StateCheck {
return exampleExistsCheck{resourceAddress: name, widget: widget}
}type exampleDisappearsCheck struct {
resourceAddress string
}
func (e exampleDisappearsCheck) CheckState(ctx context.Context, req statecheck.CheckStateRequest, resp *statecheck.CheckStateResponse) {
r, err := stateResourceAtAddress(req.State, e.resourceAddress)
if err != nil {
resp.Error = err
return
}
id := r.AttributeValues["id"].(string)
conn := testAccAPIClient()
resp.Error = conn.DeleteWidget(id)
}
func stateCheckExampleDisappears(name string) statecheck.StateCheck {
return exampleDisappearsCheck{resourceAddress: name}
}func stateResourceAtAddress(state *tfjson.State, address string) (*tfjson.StateResource, error) {
if state == nil || state.Values == nil || state.Values.RootModule == nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("no state available")
}
for _, r := range state.Values.RootModule.Resources {
if r.Address == address {
return r, nil
}
}
return nil, fmt.Errorf("not found in state: %s", address)
}func testAccCheckExampleDestroy(s *terraform.State) error {
conn := testAccAPIClient()
for _, rs := range s.RootModule().Resources {
if rs.Type != "example_widget" {
continue
}
_, err := conn.GetWidget(rs.Primary.ID)
if err == nil {
return fmt.Errorf("widget %s still exists", rs.Primary.ID)
}
if !isNotFoundError(err) {
return err
}
}
return nil
}func testAccPreCheck(t *testing.T) {
t.Helper()
if os.Getenv("EXAMPLE_API_KEY") == "" {
t.Fatal("EXAMPLE_API_KEY must be set for acceptance tests")
}
}