page-monitoring

import requests
import hashlib
import json
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from datetime import datetime
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Optional
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
 
class PageMonitor:
    """Simple page change monitor with local storage."""
 
    def __init__(self, storage_dir: Path):
        self.storage_dir = storage_dir
        self.storage_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        self.state_file = storage_dir / 'monitor_state.json'
        self.state = self._load_state()
 
    def _load_state(self) -> dict:
        if self.state_file.exists():
            return json.loads(self.state_file.read_text())
        return {'pages': {}}
 
    def _save_state(self):
        self.state_file.write_text(json.dumps(self.state, indent=2))
 
    def _get_page_hash(self, url: str, selector: Optional[str] = None) -> tuple[str, str]:
        """Get content hash and content for a page or element."""
 
        response = requests.get(url, timeout=30, headers={
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (PageMonitor/1.0)'
        })
        response.raise_for_status()
 
        if selector:
            soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
            element = soup.select_one(selector)
            content = element.get_text(strip=True) if element else ''
        else:
            content = response.text
 
        content_hash = hashlib.sha256(content.encode()).hexdigest()
        return content_hash, content
 
    def add_page(self, url: str, name: str, selector: Optional[str] = None):
        """Add a page to monitor."""
 
        content_hash, content = self._get_page_hash(url, selector)
 
        self.state['pages'][url] = {
            'name': name,
            'selector': selector,
            'last_hash': content_hash,
            'last_check': datetime.now().isoformat(),
            'last_content': content[:1000],  # Store preview
            'change_count': 0
        }
 
        self._save_state()
        print(f"Added: {name}")
 
    def check_page(self, url: str) -> Optional[dict]:
        """Check single page for changes."""
 
        if url not in self.state['pages']:
            return None
 
        page = self.state['pages'][url]
        selector = page.get('selector')
 
        try:
            new_hash, new_content = self._get_page_hash(url, selector)
        except Exception as error:
            return {
                'url': url,
                'name': page['name'],
                'status': 'error',
                # Exception text can echo a URL or request headers.
                'error': type(error).__name__
            }
 
        changed = new_hash != page['last_hash']
 
        result = {
            'url': url,
            'name': page['name'],
            'status': 'changed' if changed else 'unchanged',
            'previous_content': page['last_content'],
            'new_content': new_content[:1000] if changed else None
        }
 
        if changed:
            page['last_hash'] = new_hash
            page['last_content'] = new_content[:1000]
            page['change_count'] += 1
 
            # Archive the change
            archive_file = self.storage_dir / f"{hashlib.md5(url.encode()).hexdigest()}_{datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d_%H%M%S')}.txt"
            archive_file.write_text(new_content)
 
        page['last_check'] = datetime.now().isoformat()
        self._save_state()
 
        return result
 
    def check_all(self) -> list[dict]:
        """Check all monitored pages."""
        results = []
        for url in self.state['pages']:
            result = self.check_page(url)
            if result:
                results.append(result)
        return results
 
# Usage
monitor = PageMonitor(Path('./page_monitor_data'))
 
# Add pages to monitor
monitor.add_page(
    'https://example.com/important-page',
    'Important Page',
    selector='.main-content'  # Optional: monitor specific element
)
 
# Check for changes
results = monitor.check_all()
for result in results:
    if result['status'] == 'changed':
        print(f"CHANGED: {result['name']}")
        print(f"  Previous: {result['previous_content'][:100]}...")
        print(f"  New: {result['new_content'][:100]}...")

import os
 
def require_secret(name: str) -> str:
    value = os.environ.get(name)
    if not value:
        raise RuntimeError(f"Required secret is not configured: {name}")
    return value
 
def optional_secret(name: str) -> str | None:
    return os.environ.get(name) or None

import requests
from typing import List, Optional
 
class UptimeRobotClient:
    """UptimeRobot API client for monitoring page availability."""
 
    def __init__(self, api_key: str):
        self.api_key = api_key
        # v2 still works as of 2026 but is in maintenance mode; v3 is
        # the current REST API at https://api.uptimerobot.com/v3 with
        # a different request shape (Bearer auth, JSON bodies).
        self.base_url = "https://api.uptimerobot.com/v2"
 
    def _request(self, endpoint: str, params: dict = None) -> dict:
        data = {'api_key': self.api_key}
        if params:
            data.update(params)
 
        response = requests.post(
            f"{self.base_url}/{endpoint}", data=data, timeout=30
        )
        response.raise_for_status()
        return response.json()
 
    def get_monitors(self) -> List[dict]:
        """Get all monitors."""
        result = self._request('getMonitors')
        return result.get('monitors', [])
 
    def create_monitor(self, friendly_name: str, url: str,
                       monitor_type: int = 1) -> dict:
        """Create a new monitor.
 
        Types: 1=HTTP(s), 2=Keyword, 3=Ping, 4=Port
        """
        return self._request('newMonitor', {
            'friendly_name': friendly_name,
            'url': url,
            'type': monitor_type
        })
 
    def get_monitor_uptime(self, monitor_id: int,
                           custom_uptime_ratios: str = "7-30-90") -> dict:
        """Get uptime statistics for a monitor."""
        return self._request('getMonitors', {
            'monitors': monitor_id,
            'custom_uptime_ratios': custom_uptime_ratios
        })
 
    def pause_monitor(self, monitor_id: int) -> dict:
        """Pause a monitor."""
        return self._request('editMonitor', {
            'id': monitor_id,
            'status': 0
        })
 
    def resume_monitor(self, monitor_id: int) -> dict:
        """Resume a monitor."""
        return self._request('editMonitor', {
            'id': monitor_id,
            'status': 1
        })
 
# Usage
client = UptimeRobotClient(require_secret('UPTIMEROBOT_API_KEY'))
 
# Create monitors for important pages
client.create_monitor('News Homepage', 'https://example-news.com')
client.create_monitor('API Status', 'https://api.example.com/health')
 
# Check all monitors
for monitor in client.get_monitors():
    status = 'UP' if monitor['status'] == 2 else 'DOWN'
    print(f"{monitor['friendly_name']}: {status}")

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from feedgen.feed import FeedGenerator
from datetime import datetime
import hashlib
 
class RSSGenerator:
    """Generate RSS feeds from web pages."""
 
    def __init__(self, feed_id: str, title: str, link: str):
        self.fg = FeedGenerator()
        self.fg.id(feed_id)
        self.fg.title(title)
        self.fg.link(href=link)
        self.fg.description(f'Auto-generated feed for {title}')
 
    def add_from_page(self, url: str, item_selector: str,
                      title_selector: str, link_selector: str,
                      description_selector: Optional[str] = None):
        """Parse a page and add items to feed.
 
        Args:
            url: Page URL to parse
            item_selector: CSS selector for each item container
            title_selector: CSS selector for title (relative to item)
            link_selector: CSS selector for link (relative to item)
            description_selector: Optional CSS selector for description
        """
 
        response = requests.get(url, timeout=30)
        soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
 
        items = soup.select(item_selector)
 
        for item in items[:20]:  # Limit to 20 items
            title_elem = item.select_one(title_selector)
            link_elem = item.select_one(link_selector)
 
            if not title_elem or not link_elem:
                continue
 
            title = title_elem.get_text(strip=True)
            link = link_elem.get('href', '')
 
            # Make absolute URL if relative
            if link.startswith('/'):
                from urllib.parse import urljoin
                link = urljoin(url, link)
 
            fe = self.fg.add_entry()
            fe.id(hashlib.md5(link.encode()).hexdigest())
            fe.title(title)
            fe.link(href=link)
 
            if description_selector:
                desc_elem = item.select_one(description_selector)
                if desc_elem:
                    fe.description(desc_elem.get_text(strip=True))
 
            fe.published(datetime.now())
 
    def generate_rss(self) -> str:
        """Generate RSS XML string."""
        return self.fg.rss_str(pretty=True).decode()
 
    def save_rss(self, filepath: str):
        """Save RSS feed to file."""
        self.fg.rss_file(filepath)
 
# Example: Generate feed for a news site without RSS
rss = RSSGenerator(
    'https://example.com/news',
    'Example News Feed',
    'https://example.com/news'
)
 
rss.add_from_page(
    'https://example.com/news',
    item_selector='.news-item',
    title_selector='h2 a',
    link_selector='h2 a',
    description_selector='.summary'
)
 
# Save the feed
rss.save_rss('example_feed.xml')

# RSS-Bridge generates feeds for sites without them
# Supports Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, and many others
 
# Docker installation
docker pull rssbridge/rss-bridge
docker run -d -p 3000:80 rssbridge/rss-bridge
 
# Access at http://localhost:3000
# Select a bridge, enter parameters, get RSS feed URL

# Twarc requires X (Twitter) API credentials.
#
# IMPORTANT (2023+): X eliminated the free Twitter API tier and the
# free academic research access program. Current X API pricing has
# shifted multiple times since the 2023 changes, the Basic / Pro /
# Enterprise tier names and pay-per-use credit model have been
# revised; check the current pricing page at
# https://developer.x.com/en/products/x-api before estimating cost.
# For one-off archiving, the snscrape / nitter / web-scraping path
# may be more cost-effective, see the web-scraping skill.
 
# Installation
# pip install twarc
 
# Configure (interactive, provides API keys + bearer token)
# twarc2 configure
 
import subprocess
import json
from pathlib import Path
 
class TwitterArchiver:
    """Archive Twitter searches and timelines."""
 
    def __init__(self, output_dir: Path):
        self.output_dir = output_dir
        self.output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
 
    def search(self, query: str, max_results: int = 100) -> Path:
        """Search tweets and save to file."""
 
        output_file = self.output_dir / f"search_{query.replace(' ', '_')}.jsonl"
 
        subprocess.run([
            'twarc2', 'search',
            '--max-results', str(max_results),
            query,
            str(output_file)
        ], check=True)
 
        return output_file
 
    def get_timeline(self, username: str, max_results: int = 100) -> Path:
        """Get user timeline."""
 
        output_file = self.output_dir / f"timeline_{username}.jsonl"
 
        subprocess.run([
            'twarc2', 'timeline',
            '--max-results', str(max_results),
            username,
            str(output_file)
        ], check=True)
 
        return output_file
 
    def parse_archive(self, filepath: Path) -> list[dict]:
        """Parse archived tweets."""
 
        tweets = []
        with open(filepath) as f:
            for line in f:
                data = json.loads(line)
                if 'data' in data:
                    tweets.extend(data['data'])
 
        return tweets

import requests
from datetime import datetime
from typing import Optional
from urllib.parse import urlsplit, urlunsplit
 
def redact_url(url: str) -> str:
    """Remove credentials, query parameters, and fragments from alert text."""
    parts = urlsplit(url)
    host = parts.hostname or ''
    if ':' in host:
        host = f'[{host}]'
    if parts.port:
        host = f"{host}:{parts.port}"
    return urlunsplit((parts.scheme, host, parts.path, '', ''))
 
class AlertManager:
    """Send alerts when monitored pages change."""
 
    def __init__(self, slack_webhook: str = None,
                 discord_webhook: str = None,
                 email_config: dict = None):
        self.slack_webhook = slack_webhook
        self.discord_webhook = discord_webhook
        self.email_config = email_config
 
    def send_slack(self, message: str, channel: str = None):
        """Send Slack notification."""
        if not self.slack_webhook:
            return
 
        payload = {'text': message}
        if channel:
            payload['channel'] = channel
 
        try:
            response = requests.post(self.slack_webhook, json=payload, timeout=15)
            response.raise_for_status()
        except requests.RequestException:
            raise RuntimeError('Slack webhook request failed') from None
 
    def send_discord(self, message: str):
        """Send Discord notification."""
        if not self.discord_webhook:
            return
 
        try:
            response = requests.post(
                self.discord_webhook, json={'content': message}, timeout=15
            )
            response.raise_for_status()
        except requests.RequestException:
            raise RuntimeError('Discord webhook request failed') from None
 
    def send_email(self, subject: str, body: str, to: str):
        """Send email notification."""
        if not self.email_config:
            return
 
        import smtplib
        from email.mime.text import MIMEText
 
        msg = MIMEText(body)
        msg['Subject'] = subject
        msg['From'] = self.email_config['from']
        msg['To'] = to
 
        with smtplib.SMTP(self.email_config['smtp_host'],
                         self.email_config['smtp_port']) as server:
            server.starttls()
            server.login(self.email_config['username'],
                        self.email_config['password'])
            server.send_message(msg)
 
    def alert_change(self, page_name: str, url: str,
                     old_content: str, new_content: str):
        """Send change alert to all configured channels."""
 
        message = f"""
Page Changed: {page_name}
URL: {redact_url(url)}
Time: {datetime.now().isoformat()}
 
Previous content (preview):
{old_content[:200]}...
 
New content (preview):
{new_content[:200]}...
"""
 
        if self.slack_webhook:
            self.send_slack(message)
 
        if self.discord_webhook:
            self.send_discord(message)

# Edit crontab
crontab -e
 
# Check pages every 15 minutes
*/15 * * * * /usr/bin/python3 /path/to/monitor_script.py >> /var/log/monitor.log 2>&1
 
# Check critical pages every 5 minutes
*/5 * * * * /usr/bin/python3 /path/to/critical_monitor.py >> /var/log/critical.log 2>&1
 
# Daily summary report at 8 AM
0 8 * * * /usr/bin/python3 /path/to/daily_report.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Page monitoring script for cron execution."""
 
import sys
import os
from pathlib import Path
from datetime import datetime
 
# Add project to path
sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent))
 
from monitor import PageMonitor
from alerts import AlertManager
from secure_config import optional_secret, require_secret
 
def main():
    # Initialize
    monitor = PageMonitor(Path('./data'))
 
    email_config = None
    if optional_secret('SMTP_HOST'):
        email_config = {
            'from': require_secret('ALERT_FROM_EMAIL'),
            'smtp_host': require_secret('SMTP_HOST'),
            'smtp_port': int(os.environ.get('SMTP_PORT', '587')),
            'username': require_secret('SMTP_USERNAME'),
            'password': require_secret('SMTP_APP_PASSWORD')
        }
 
    alerts = AlertManager(
        slack_webhook=optional_secret('SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL'),
        discord_webhook=optional_secret('DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL'),
        email_config=email_config
    )
 
    # Check all pages
    results = monitor.check_all()
 
    # Process results
    changes = [r for r in results if r['status'] == 'changed']
    errors = [r for r in results if r['status'] == 'error']
 
    # Alert on changes
    for change in changes:
        alerts.alert_change(
            change['name'],
            change['url'],
            change['previous_content'],
            change['new_content']
        )
        print(f"[{datetime.now()}] CHANGE: {change['name']}")
 
    # Alert on errors
    for error in errors:
        alerts.send_slack(f"Monitor error for {error['name']}: {error['error']}")
        print(f"[{datetime.now()}] ERROR: {error['name']} - {error['error']}")
 
    # Summary
    print(f"[{datetime.now()}] Checked {len(results)} pages, "
          f"{len(changes)} changes, {len(errors)} errors")
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

# `MultiArchiver` is the cascade-archive helper from the sibling
# web-archiving skill (see research-toolkit/skills/web-archiving/).
# Replace this import with your own multi-service archiver, or
# port the MultiArchiver class from that skill.
from multiarchiver import MultiArchiver
 
class ArchivingMonitor(PageMonitor):
    """Page monitor that archives content when changes detected."""
 
    def __init__(self, storage_dir: Path):
        super().__init__(storage_dir)
        self.archiver = MultiArchiver()
 
    def check_page(self, url: str) -> dict:
        """Check page and archive if changed."""
 
        result = super().check_page(url)
 
        if result and result['status'] == 'changed':
            # Archive to multiple services
            archive_results = self.archiver.archive_url(url)
 
            successful_archives = [
                r.archived_url for r in archive_results
                if r.success
            ]
 
            result['archives'] = successful_archives
 
            # Log archive URLs
            print(f"Archived {result['name']} to:")
            for archive_url in successful_archives:
                print(f"  - {redact_url(archive_url)}")
 
        return result

## News/Current Events Monitoring
 
### Pages to monitor:
- Breaking news sections
- Press release pages
- Government announcement pages
- Company newsrooms
 
### Monitoring frequency:
- Breaking news: Every 5 minutes
- Press releases: Every 15-30 minutes
- General news: Every hour
 
### Archive strategy:
- Archive immediately on detection
- Use both Wayback Machine and Archive.today
- Save local copy with timestamp

## Academic/Research Monitoring
 
### Pages to monitor:
- Preprint servers (arXiv, SSRN)
- Journal table of contents
- Conference proceedings
- Researcher profiles
 
### Monitoring frequency:
- Daily for active topics
- Weekly for general monitoring
 
### Tools recommended:
- Google Scholar alerts (free, built-in)
- Semantic Scholar alerts
- RSS feeds where available
- Custom monitors for specific pages

## Competitor Monitoring
 
### Pages to monitor:
- Pricing pages
- Product pages
- Job postings
- Press releases
- Executive bios
 
### Monitoring frequency:
- Pricing: Daily
- Products: Daily
- Jobs: Weekly
- Press: Daily
 
### Legal considerations:
- Don't violate terms of service
- Don't circumvent access controls
- Public pages only
- Don't scrape at high frequency

## Before monitoring a page:
 
- [ ] Is the page publicly accessible?
- [ ] Are you respecting robots.txt?
- [ ] Is monitoring frequency reasonable?
- [ ] Do you have a legitimate purpose?
- [ ] Are you storing data securely?
- [ ] Do you have alerts configured?
- [ ] Is archiving set up for important pages?
 
## Maintenance:
 
- [ ] Review monitors monthly
- [ ] Remove stale monitors
- [ ] Update selectors if pages change
- [ ] Check alert delivery
- [ ] Verify archives are working

import time
from functools import wraps
 
def rate_limit(min_interval: float = 1.0):
    """Decorator to rate limit function calls."""
    last_call = [0.0]
 
    def decorator(func):
        @wraps(func)
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            elapsed = time.time() - last_call[0]
            if elapsed < min_interval:
                time.sleep(min_interval - elapsed)
            last_call[0] = time.time()
            return func(*args, **kwargs)
        return wrapper
    return decorator
 
# Usage
@rate_limit(min_interval=2.0)  # Max once per 2 seconds
def check_page(url: str):
    return requests.get(url)