azure-cosmos-py

import os
from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential, ManagedIdentityCredential
from azure.cosmos import CosmosClient
 
# Local dev: DefaultAzureCredential. Production: set AZURE_TOKEN_CREDENTIALS=prod or AZURE_TOKEN_CREDENTIALS=<specific_credential>
credential = DefaultAzureCredential(require_envvar=True)
# Or use a specific credential directly in production:
# See https://learn.microsoft.com/python/api/overview/azure/identity-readme?view=azure-python#credential-classes
# credential = ManagedIdentityCredential()
 
endpoint = "https://<account>.documents.azure.com:443/"
 
with CosmosClient(url=endpoint, credential=credential) as client:
    # Use client here (see following sections for operations)
    ...

# Get or create database
database = client.create_database_if_not_exists(id="mydb")
 
# Get or create container with partition key
container = database.create_container_if_not_exists(
    id="mycontainer",
    partition_key=PartitionKey(path="/category")
)
 
# Get existing
database = client.get_database_client("mydb")
container = database.get_container_client("mycontainer")

item = {
    "id": "item-001",           # Required: unique within partition
    "category": "electronics",   # Partition key value
    "name": "Laptop",
    "price": 999.99,
    "tags": ["computer", "portable"]
}
 
created = container.create_item(body=item)
print(f"Created: {created['id']}")

# Read requires id AND partition key
item = container.read_item(
    item="item-001",
    partition_key="electronics"
)
print(f"Name: {item['name']}")

item = container.read_item(item="item-001", partition_key="electronics")
item["price"] = 899.99
item["on_sale"] = True
 
updated = container.replace_item(item=item["id"], body=item)

# Create if not exists, replace if exists
item = {
    "id": "item-002",
    "category": "electronics",
    "name": "Tablet",
    "price": 499.99
}
 
result = container.upsert_item(body=item)

container.delete_item(
    item="item-001",
    partition_key="electronics"
)

# Query within a partition (efficient)
query = "SELECT * FROM c WHERE c.price < @max_price"
items = container.query_items(
    query=query,
    parameters=[{"name": "@max_price", "value": 500}],
    partition_key="electronics"
)
 
for item in items:
    print(f"{item['name']}: ${item['price']}")

# Cross-partition (more expensive, use sparingly)
query = "SELECT * FROM c WHERE c.price < @max_price"
items = container.query_items(
    query=query,
    parameters=[{"name": "@max_price", "value": 500}],
    enable_cross_partition_query=True
)
 
for item in items:
    print(item)

query = "SELECT c.id, c.name, c.price FROM c WHERE c.category = @category"
items = container.query_items(
    query=query,
    parameters=[{"name": "@category", "value": "electronics"}],
    partition_key="electronics"
)

# Read all in a partition
items = container.read_all_items()  # Cross-partition
# Or with partition key
items = container.query_items(
    query="SELECT * FROM c",
    partition_key="electronics"
)

from azure.cosmos import PartitionKey
 
# Single partition key
container = database.create_container_if_not_exists(
    id="orders",
    partition_key=PartitionKey(path="/customer_id")
)
 
# Hierarchical partition key (preview)
container = database.create_container_if_not_exists(
    id="events",
    partition_key=PartitionKey(path=["/tenant_id", "/user_id"])
)

# Create container with provisioned throughput
container = database.create_container_if_not_exists(
    id="mycontainer",
    partition_key=PartitionKey(path="/pk"),
    offer_throughput=400  # RU/s
)
 
# Read current throughput
offer = container.read_offer()
print(f"Throughput: {offer.offer_throughput} RU/s")
 
# Update throughput
container.replace_throughput(throughput=1000)

from azure.cosmos.aio import CosmosClient
from azure.identity.aio import DefaultAzureCredential
 
async def cosmos_operations():
    async with DefaultAzureCredential() as credential:
        async with CosmosClient(endpoint, credential=credential) as client:
            database = client.get_database_client("mydb")
            container = database.get_container_client("mycontainer")
            
            # Create
            await container.create_item(body={"id": "1", "pk": "test"})
            
            # Read
            item = await container.read_item(item="1", partition_key="test")
            
            # Query
            async for item in container.query_items(
                query="SELECT * FROM c",
                partition_key="test"
            ):
                print(item)
 
import asyncio
asyncio.run(cosmos_operations())

from azure.cosmos.exceptions import CosmosHttpResponseError
 
try:
    item = container.read_item(item="nonexistent", partition_key="pk")
except CosmosHttpResponseError as e:
    if e.status_code == 404:
        print("Item not found")
    elif e.status_code == 429:
        print(f"Rate limited. Retry after: {e.headers.get('x-ms-retry-after-ms')}ms")
    else:
        raise